The TEI Consortium is organized as a non-profit membership consortium, whose members and subscribers are institutions such as universities, libraries, academic projects, research units, and individuals. It is supported financially and logistically by four host institutions, which make an annual host contribution of cash and in-kind services in support of the TEI's activities. With the exception of some administrative and editorial functions, all of the TEI's activities are conducted on a volunteer basis. The TEI's principles and governance are described in detail in its charter and bylaws.

The Consortium is led by a Board of Directors, which provides strategic direction and fiscal oversight, organizes the TEI's main activities, and coordinates fundraising and member recruiting. The board is composed of both elected and non-elected representatives. Four of its members represent the four TEI host institutions. The Executive Director and Treasurer are appointed by the Board. The remainder of the TEI board is elected by the TEI membership and serve for two-year terms.

The technical direction of the TEI Consortium is guided by the TEI Council, a twelve-person body whose members are elected by the TEI membership. The TEI Council commissions working groups to develop and revise specific portions of the TEI Guidelines and to undertake other aspects of the TEI's technical development. It also reviews the work of these groups and provides technical advice and expertise to support the ongoing development of the Guidelines. Council members serve for two-year terms.