]> An author is not a scribe. Critique Génétique and the TEI.

Edward Vanhoutte (evanhoutte@kantl.be) Centre for Textual Criticism and Document Studies, Gent Pisa - 16 November, 2001 The Babel of Scholarly Editing German School of Editionswissenschaft Anglo-American tradition Critique Génétique German School of Editionswissenschaft "focuses on the integrity of the textual history, on the structural contextuality of texts and their variants, and on the role of critical interpretation to balance and neutralize, if not to eliminate outright, authorial intention as a principle guiding editorial procedures." (Hans-Walter Gabler) German School of Editionswissenschaft: historico-critical editions

Anglo-American tradition Greg-Bowers-Tanselle school of Copytext Theory: to constitute a single, best text governing principle: Authorial intention McGann: Sociological direction Critique Génétique Primary aim is to study the avant-texte, not so much as the basis to set out editorial principles for textual representation, but as a means to understand the genesis of the literary work. "it does not aim to reconstitute the optimal text of a work; rather, it aims to reconstitute the writing process which resulted in the work, based on surviving traces, which are primarily author's draft manuscripts." (Daniel Ferrer) Modern Manuscripts "manuscrits qui font partie d'une genèse textuelle attestée par plusieurs témoins successifs et qui manifestent le travail d'écriture d'un auteur" (Almuth Grésillon) manuscripts which form part of the genesis of a text evidence of which is given by several successive witnesses and which show the writing process of an author. Medieval Manuscripts manuscripts which form part of the transmission history of a text evidence of which is given by several successive witnesses and which show the working (copying) process of a scribe and the transmission/distribution of a work/text. 3 kinds of Genetic Editions (Pierre-Marc de Biassi) Transversal edition: attempts to render 'works' that were left unfinished because of the author's sudden death or for whatever other reason. Horizontal edition: reconstructs one particular phase in the writing process, e.g. the author's notebooks of a certain period. Vertical edition: reconstitutes the complete textual history = genetic edition pur sang Dossier génétique - hypertext advantage: Allows the editor to regroup a series of documents which are akin to each other on the basis of resemblance or difference in multiple ways. disadvantage: Endeavours to produce hypertext editions are too much oriented towards display. Hypercard, Toolbook, Macromedia, PDF are proprietory formats. HTML is too weak a markup language. Solution: TEI ? Transcriptions Diplomatic: reproduces the topographic arrangement of the original as faithfully as possible. Linear: presents the different writing operations (additions, deletions, etc.) by means of words or symbols. Clear text: presents a "clear" text (free of intrusions) and records the textual complication in an appended list or set of notes. Intermezzo: Transcription "There has never been a single standard convention for the transcription of manuscript texts, and it is not likely that there ever will be one, given the great variety of textual complications that manuscripts—from all times and places—can present." (Vander Meulen & Tanselle) 4 Complications A writing process (by definition) takes place in Time 1. Its beginning and end may be hard to determine and its internal composition difficult to define (document structure vs. unit of writing): authors frequently interrupt writing, leave sentences unfinished and so on. 2. Manuscripts frequently contain items such as scriptorial pauzes which have immense importance in the analysis of the genesis of a text. 3. Even non-verbal elements such as sketches, drawings, or doodles may be regarded as forming a component of the writing process for some analytical purposes. 4. Below the level of the chronological act of writing, manuscripts may be segmented into units defined by thematic, syntactic, stylistic, etc. phenomena; no clear agreement exists, however, even as to the appropriate names for such segments. 1. Units of writing & Revision - Stijn Streuvels

1. Units of writing: revision addition: 0 > A

deletion: A > 0

substitution: A > B

permutation: ABC > BAC (or BCA)

currente calamo: ABCDE

1. Units of writing: Layering

2. Scriptorial pauzes & chronology: James Joyce - The "Guiltless Notebook"

27v-28

29 (first half)

29v-30 (left blank - closing sentence)

30v-31

31v-32

32v-33

33v

29v & 30 top

29 bottom

28v

26v & 27

25v

3. Non-verbal elements - Richard Minne

4 Complications A writing process (by definition) takes place in Time 1. Its beginning and end may be hard to determine and its internal composition difficult to define (document structure vs. unit of writing): authors frequently interrupt writing, leave sentences unfinished and so on. 2. Manuscripts frequently contain items such as scriptorial pauzes which have immense importance in the analysis of the genesis of a text. 3. Even non-verbal elements such as sketches, drawings, or doodles may be regarded as forming a component of the writing process for some analytical purposes. 4. Below the level of the chronological act of writing, manuscripts may be segmented into units definted by thematic, syntactic, stylistic, etc. phenomena; no clear agreement exists, however, even as to the appropriate names for such segments. P4 (p. 254): 11 Transcriptions of Speech Unlike a written text, a speech event takes place in time. Its beginning and end may be hard to determine and its internal composition difficult to define. Most researchers agree that the utterances or turns of individual speakers form an important structural component in most kinds of speech, but these are rarely as well-behaved (in the structural sense) as paragraphs or other analogous units in written texts: speakers frequently interrupt each other, use gestures as well as words, leave remarks unfinished and so on. Speech itself, though it may be represented as words, frequently contains items such as vocalized pauses which, although only semi-lexical, have immense importance in the analysis of spoken text. Even non-vocal elements such as gestures may be regarded as forming a component of spoken text for some analytic purposes. Below the level of the individual utterance, speech may be segmented into units defined by phonological, prosodic, or syntactic phenomena; no clear agreement exists, however, even as to appropriate names for such segments. Conclusions: Work towards P5 Time is the 3rd dimension in manuscripts Extend 18. Transcription of Primary Sources with the focus on modern manuscripts. (i.e. make 18.4. Other Primary Source Features not Covered in These Guidelines a real chapter) Look at projects such as the Lancaster/Leverhume corpus of children's writing. Include tagsets defined by 14. Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment (esp. 14.5. Synchronization) in the transcription of modern manuscripts. Cater for overlapping hierarchies(?) (document structure AND chronology of writing process) Publication of an extensive project report: The Transcription of Modern Manuscripts Using TEI. TEI Working Group on Modern Manuscripts.